Maternal WIC participation during pregnancy, child age, and the intake of ≥125 mL orange or tomato juice/d were negatively associated, and being male and living in an urban location were positively associated with ID (≥2 of the following abnormal values: ferritin ≤ 8.7 μg/L, transferrin receptors ≥ 8.4 μg/mL, and transferrin saturation ≤ 13.2%).Ĭonclusions: Current WIC participation by the child and maternal WIC participation during pregnancy were negatively associated with anemia and ID, respectively. Results: Current WIC participation by the child and a greater rate of weight gain were negatively associated, and current maternal pregnancy was positively associated with anemia (hemoglobin < 110 g/L at 12–<24 mo or < 111 g/L at 24–36 mo) after control for age, sex, and ethnicity. Objective: We aimed to evaluate risk factors associated with anemia and ID in a sample of children participating in or applying for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).ĭesign: The study was a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of 12–36-mo-old children recruited from WIC clinics in 2 California counties ( n = 498). Determination of risk factors associated with ID is needed to allow children with identifiable risk factors to receive appropriate education, testing, and follow-up. Background: The prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) anemia among preschool-age children remains relatively high in some areas across the United States.
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